Outdoor triggers of allergic rhinitis include ragweed, grass, tree pollen, and mold spores. Indoor triggers include dust mites, pet dander, or mold that grows in humid indoor places such as carpets. Outdoor allergens cause seasonal allergic rhinitis (also known as hay fever), which typically occurs during the spring and summer. Indoor allergens can cause perennial (year- round) allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis tends to run in families. If one or both parents have allergic rhinitis, there is a high likelihood that their children will also have allergic rhinitis. People with allergic rhinitis have an increased risk of developing asthma and other allergies. ![]() They are also at risk for developing sinusitis, sleep disorders (including snoring and sleep apnea), nasal polyps, and ear infections. Symptoms. Common symptoms of allergic rhinitis include: Runny nose or nasal congestion. Frequent sneezing. ![]() Itchy watery eyes. Itching in nose, throat, or roof of mouth. Treatment. Home remedies for allergic rhinitis include nasal washes with a saline solution. ![]() Benzalkonium chloride Respiratory 10 micrograms / delivered dose May cause bronchospasm. Benzoic acid and Topical Zero Mildly irritant to the skin, eyes and mucous. Diet, Food & Fitness. Nasal Sprays: More There Than Meets the Nose? The trouble appears to be with the most common preservative, benzalkonium. Many different over- the- counter and prescription drugs are used to treat allergic rhinitis. These medications include oral and nasal antihistamines, corticosteroid nasal sprays, cromolyn, leukotriene antagonists such as montelukast (Singulair), and decongestants. Many of these drugs have side effects. These measures include washing animals weekly, using vacuum cleaners and air conditioners with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, frequent washing of bedding and curtains, reducing humidity in the house, and removing sources of mold. Drug Approval. In 2. FDA approved a new nasal spray to treat seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients ages 1. Dymista is a combination of the antihistamine azelastine (Astelin, Astepro) and the corticosteroid fluticasone (Flonase, generic). Introduction. The nose is separated into two passages by a wall of cartilage called the septum. The nasal passages are lined with a membrane that produces a clear liquid called mucus. ![]() ![]() Mucus is a one of the body's defense systems: Moisture from the mucus conditions the air before it reaches the lungs. The mucus traps small particles and bacteria, which may enter the nose as a person breathes. ![]() The trapped bacteria usually do not cause harm in healthy individuals. When one side of the nose is congested, air passes through the open (decongested) side. The sides normally alternate between being wide- open and partly or completely blocked. Rhinitis. If the congestion becomes severe or other changes occur that irritate the nasal passage, rhinitis develops. Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal passages. To be diagnosed with rhinitis, a patient must experience at least two of the following symptoms for an hour or more on most days: Runny nose. ![]() Preservatives in Topical Ophthalmic Medications. 0.02% benzalkonium chloride, and preservative-free. About BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE: Biocide, preservative and. and allergies, benzalkonium chloride is a sensitizer. BENIROL; BENZALKONIUM A. Benzalkonium Chloride. Benzalkonium chloride is a commonly used bactericidal preservative in albuterol and metaproterenol nebulizer solutions in the United States and. Opatanol eye drops (olopatadine). Nasal congestion. Nasal itching. Sneezing. These symptoms may occur as a result of colds or environmental irritants such as allergens, cigarette smoke, chemicals, changes in temperature, stress, exercise, or other factors. Acute Rhinitis. If symptoms last fewer than 6 weeks, the condition is referred to as acute rhinitis and is usually caused by a cold or infection, or temporary overexposure to environmental chemicals or pollutants. When rhinitis lasts for a longer period, the condition is called chronic rhinitis. Allergies are often the cause, but structural problems or chronic infections could also be to blame. Allergic Rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is rhinitis caused by allergens, which are substances that trigger an allergic response. Allergens involved in allergic rhinitis come from either outdoor or indoor substances. ![]() Outdoor allergens such as pollen or mold spores are usually the cause of seasonal allergic rhinitis (also called hay fever). Indoor allergens such as animal dander or dust mites are common causes of perennial (year- round) allergic rhinitis. Causes. The allergic process, called atopy, occurs when the body overreacts to a substance that it senses as a foreign . The immune system works continuously to protect the body from potentially dangerous intruders such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins. However, for reasons not completely understood, some people are hypersensitive to substances that are typically harmless. When the immune system inaccurately identifies these substances (allergens) as harmful, an allergic reaction and inflammatory response occurs. The antibody immunoglobulin E (Ig. E) is a key player in allergic reactions. When an allergen enters the body, the immune system produces Ig. E antibodies. These antibodies then attach themselves to mast cells, which are found in the nose, eyes, lungs, and digestive tract. The mast cells release inflammatory chemical mediators, such as histamine, that cause atopic symptoms (sneezing, coughing, wheezing). The mast cells continue to produce more inflammatory chemicals that stimulate the production of more Ig. E, continuing the allergic process. There are many types of Ig. E antibodies, and each are associated with a specific allergen. This is why some people are allergic to cat dander, while others are not bothered by cats yet are allergic to pollen. In allergic rhinitis, the allergic reaction begins when an allergen comes into contact with the mucous membranes in the lining of the nose. Triggers of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)Seasonal allergic rhinitis occurs only during periods of intense airborne pollen or spores. It is commonly, although inaccurately, called hay fever. No fever accompanies this condition, and the allergic response is not dependent on hay. In general, triggers of seasonal allergy in the U. S. Ragweed is the most dominant cause of allergic rhinitis in the U. S., affecting about 7. One plant can release 1 million pollen grains a day. Ragweed occurs everywhere in the U. S., although it is less common in western coastal states, southern Florida, northern Maine, Alaska, and Hawaii. The effects of ragweed in the northern states are first felt in middle to late August and last until the first frost. Ragweed allergies tend to be most severe before midday. Grasses. Grasses affect people in mid- May to late June. Grass allergies are experienced more in the late afternoon. Tree Pollen. Small pollen grains from certain trees usually produce symptoms in late March and early April. Mold Spores. Mold spores that grow on dead leaves and release spores into the air are common allergens throughout the spring, summer and fall. Mold spores may peak on dry windy afternoons or on damp or rainy days in the early morning. Triggers of Perennial (Year- Round) Allergic Rhinitis. Allergens in the House. Allergens in the house can trigger attacks in people with year- long allergic rhinitis, called perennial rhinitis. Household allergens include: House dust and mites. Dust mites, specifically mite feces, are coated with enzymes that contain a powerful allergen. Cockroaches. Pet dander. Molds growing on wallpaper, house plants, carpeting, and upholstery. Other Causes of Chronic Nasal Congestion. Aging Process. The elderly are at risk for chronic rhinitis as the mucous membranes become dry with age. In addition, the cartilage supporting the nasal passages weakens, causing changes in airflow. Irritative rhinitis is caused by an overreaction to irritants, such as cigarette smoke or. The nasal passages become red and engorged. This reaction is not the same as an allergic reaction, although both are associated with increased numbers of white blood cells called eosinophils. Vasomotor Rhinitis. Vasomotor rhinitis, another type of nonallergic rhinitis, is caused by oversensitive blood vessels and nerve cells in the nasal passages. It occurs in response to various triggers, including smoke, environmental toxins, changes in temperature and humidity, stress, and even sexual arousal. Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis are similar to most of those caused by allergies, but eye irritation does not occur. Blockage in the Nose from Polyps or Structural Abnormalities. A number of conditions may block the nasal passages. Surgery may be helpful for certain cases. Polyps. These are soft tissues that develop off stalk- like structures on the mucous membrane. They impede mucus drainage and restrict airflow. Polyps usually develop from sinus infections that cause overgrowth of the mucus membrane in the nose. A common structural abnormality of the nose that causes problems with air flow is a deviated septum. The septum is the inner wall of cartilage and bone that separates the two sides of the nose. When deviated, it is not straight but shifted to one side, usually the left. Other Causes of Blockage. Rarely, cleft palates, overgrowth of bones in the nose, or tumors cause nasal blockage. Drugs. A number of drugs can cause rhinitis or worsen it in people with conditions such as deviated septum, allergies, or vasomotor rhinitis: Overuse of decongestant sprays used to treat nasal congestion can, over time (3 - 5 days), cause inflammation in the nasal passages and worsen rhinitis. Other medications that may cause rhinitis include oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, anti- anxiety drugs (particularly alprazolam), some antidepressants, drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction, and some blood pressure medications, including beta- blockers and vasodilators. Sniffing cocaine damages nasal passages and can cause chronic rhinitis. Estrogen in Women. Elevated levels of estrogen appear to increase mucus production and swelling in the nasal passages and can cause congestion. This effect is most apparent in women during pregnancy and. Oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies that contain estrogen may also cause nasal congestion in some women. Risk Factors. Allergic rhinitis affects people of all ages. Allergies usually first appear in childhood. Allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic condition in childhood, although it can develop at any age. About 2. 0% of allergic rhinitis cases are due to seasonal allergies, 4. Family History. Allergic rhinitis appears to have a genetic component. Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses. What are the possible side effects of travoprost ophthalmic (Travatan, Travatan Z)? Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using travoprost ophthalmic and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects: redness, swelling, itching, or pain in or around your eye; oozing or discharge from your eye; increased sensitivity to light; vision changes; orchest pain. Less serious side effects may include: Read All Potential Side Effects and See Pictures of Travatan »What are the precautions when taking travoprost (Travatan)? Before using travoprost, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to similar drugs (e. This product may contain inactive ingredients (such as preservatives like benzalkonium chloride found in some brands), which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. You may be advised to start using a new bottle.
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